| 400-600 | era of "aggressive forgeries" in Christian texts (Grant,J.T.S.,1960) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 400? | Vulgate Bible (Hebrew OT->Latin, Greek NT->Latin), by Jerome? (340?-420) originals
lost, Vulgate Latin Text becomes standard Western Christian Bible 400? | Codex Vercellensis it(a): Latin Gospels, of "European" text-type | 400? | Peshitta Bible, Syriac (Aramaic) Vulgate, Syr(p), OT + 22 NT, excludes: 2Pt, 2-3Jn, |
Jude, Rev; Peshitta becomes standard Syrian Christian Bible 400? | Palestinian Talmud (Mishnah (Oral Law) + Gemara (Mishnah commentary)) | 400? | Pericope of the Adulteress, John 7:53-8:11, added to Bible (Jerome,(D)) | 400? | Codex Bobiensis it(k): ~half of Mt/Mk in Latin, "African" (Carthage) text-type, has |
"shorter" ending of Mark after Mk16:8: {But they reported briefly to Peter & those with him
all that they had been told. & after this Jesus himself sent out by means of them, from east
to west, the sacred and imperishable proclamation of eternal slavation.} (Text.Com.,
Metzger, p.123) 400? | Jerome cites "expanded" ending of Mark found in (W) after Mk16:14: {And they |
excused themselves, saying, "This age of lawlessness and unbelief is under Satan, who does
not allow the truth & power of God to pervail over the unclean things of the spirits (or
does not allow what lies under the unclean spirits to understand the truth & power of God).
Therefore reveal thy right- eousness now" - thus they spoke to Christ. And Christ replied to
them, "The term of years of Satan's power has been fulfilled, but other terrible things draw
near. And for those who have sinned I was delivered over to death, that they many inherit
the spirtual & incorruptible glory of righteousness which is in heaven."} (A Textual
Commentary on the Greek NT, Bruce Metzger, p.124) 401-417 | Pope Innocent I: decreed Roman custom the norm for Christianity | 401 | Visigoths invade Italy | 403 | Letters of Epiphanius of Constantia, John Chrysostom; church fathers | 405? | Prudentius, b.348, greatest Christian Latin poet; Loeb Classics: 2 vols. | 408? | Claudian, b.370?, Roman poet; Loeb Classics: 2 volumes | 410 | Alaric, king of the Visigoths, sacks Rome | 410 | beginnings of Alchemy | 413 | Kumarajira, b.334, Chinese Buddhist philosopher | 414 | Letters of Nicetas of Remesiana, Orosius; early Christian church fathers | 414 | Seng-chao, b.384, Chinese Buddhist philosopher, "Book of Chao" | 415 | Bishop Cyril of Alex. (444) expels Jews, kills Hypatia with oyster shells | 416 | Visigoths take Spain | 416? | C.R. Namatianus, last Pagan Latin poet, wrote: "de Reditu Suo" | 417 | Hui-yuan, b.334, Chinese Buddhist philosopher | 417-418-422-432 | Pope Zosimus - Pope Boniface I - Pope Celestine I | 418-419 | anti-Pope Eulalius | 418 | Franks take Gaul | 420 | St. Jerome, (S.E. Hieronymus), b.340?, Latin scholar; (Loeb Classics) | 423 | Theodoret, bishop of Cyrrhus, notes Tatian's Harmony (170) in heavy use | 427? | Ashi, head of Sura Yeshiva, "Rabbana", began compilation of Bab. Talmud | 429 | Picts and Scots expelled from southern England by Anglo-Saxon-Jutes | 430 | St. Augustine, b.354, origin of "Original Sin," church father & philo- sopher, |
wrote: "The City of God", "Confessions"; Loeb Classics 10 v. (Latin) 430 | Letters of Marcus Eremita, Nilus of Ancyra; Christian church fathers | 431 | Council of Ephesus: 3d ecumenical;decreed Mary: Mother of God (Theotokos) | 431 | Letters of Nonnus of Panopolis, John Cassian; Christian church fathers | 431 | Syrian Christianity splits into East (Nestorian) and West (Jacobites) | 432-440-461-468 | Pope Sixtus III - Pope Leo I - Pope Hilarus | 432 | St. Patrick begins mission in Ireland | 433-453 | Attila the Hun: b.406?, "Scourge of the Gods" | 434 | Chu Tao-sheng, b.360?, Chinese Buddhist philosopher | 439 | Codex Theodosianus: compilation of Roman Law | 444 | Letters of Cyril of Alexandria, Arnobius the Younger; church fathers | 450? | Mark's Resurrection of Jesus, Mark 16:9-20, added to Bible ((A),(D),(W)) | 450? | Codex Alexandrinus (A): (LXX - 1-2Maccabees + 14_Church_Odes + 27NT + 1-2Clement), |
missing 1K12:17-14:9, Ps49:20-79:11, Psalms of Solomon, Mt1-25:6, Jn6:50-8:52, 2Cr4:13-12:6,
1Clement57.7-63.4, 2Clement12.5b-end; of "Alexandrian" text-type: most accurate text-type 450? | Codex Bezae (D): Greek/Latin Gospels + Acts; Codex Washingtonianus (W): Greek |
Gospels; both of "Western" text-type: "fondness for paraphrase" 450? | Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus (C): Greek LXX + 27NT, many gaps | 450? | Codex Marchalianus (Q): Greek LXX + Luke + John, many gaps | 450? | Codex Ambrosianus (F): Greek Genesis to Joshua | 450? | Codex Freer: Greek Deuteronomy and Joshua | 450? | Codex Colberto-Sarravianus: Origen's Greek Hexapla LXX of Gen-Judg | 450? | Codex Palatinus it(e): Latin Gospels, "African" (Carthage) text-type | 450? | Codex Veronensis it(b): Latin Gospels, "European/Vulgate" text-type | 450? | Syr(pal), Palestinian Syriac (Aramaic) Gospels, of "Caesarean" text-type | 450? | std. Aramaic Targums, T. Onkelos of Torah, T. Jonathan of Prophets | 451 | Council of Chalcedon: 4th ecumenical, declared Jesus is 2 natures, both human and |
divine, in one; a compromise solution of Jesus god/man schisms 451 | Nestorius of Constantinople, Nestorians: Mary was not "Mother of God" | 451 | Letters of Hesychius, Quodvultdeus; early Christian church fathers | 454 | Eutyches of Constantinople, Monophysites: Jesus was divine but not human | 455 | Vandals sack Rome (it was becoming the thing to do) | 457-474 | Pope Leo I becomes emperor of remaining (eastern) Roman empire | 463 | Letters of Prosper of Aquitaine, early Christian church father | 466 | Letters of Shenute of Atripe, Theodoret of Cyrrhus; early church fathers | 468-483-492 | Pope Simplicius - Pope Felix III | 470 | flowering of Mayan city culture in southern Mexico | 474-491 | Zeno: eastern Roman emperor | 476 | official end of western Roman empire, last emperor Romulus Augustulus | 478 | first Shinto shrines in Japan | 483-492 | Pope Felix III | 484-519 | Acacian schism: over "Henoticon" divides Western and Eastern churches | 484 | Letters of Vigilius of Thapsus, early Christian church father | 489 | Zeno destroys Nestorian(451) school at Edessa, erects Church of St.Simeon | 491 | Armenian Church secedes from East (Byzantium) and West (Rome) churches | 491-518 | Anastasius I: eastern Roman emperor | 492-496-498 | Pope Gelasius I (1st 'Vicar of Christ') - Pope Anastasius II | 498 | Nestorians (451) settle in Nisibis, Persia | 498-514-523-526 | Pope Symmachus - Pope Hormisdas - Pope John I | 498-506 | anti-Pope Lawrence: Lawrentian schism | 500 | incense introduced in Christian church service, first plans of Vatican | 500 | Tamo brings tea from India to China | 500? | Codex Sangallensis vg | 500? | Codex Argenteus (got): earliest nearly complete Gothic (German), Gospels | 500? | Codex Cottonianus: Greek Genesis | 502 | Narsai of Mealletha, Syrian poet, heads Nestorian school in Nisibis(498) | 518-527 | Justin I: emperor of Byzantine (former eastern Roman) empire | 524 | Boethius, b.480?, Roman Christian philosopher, wrote: "Theological Tractates", |
"Consolation of Philosophy"; (Loeb Classics) (Latin) 525 | Dionysius Exiguus sets Christian calendar (a.d.) & Jesus birth 23Dec1ce | 526-530-532-535 | Pope Felix IV - Pope Boniface II - Pope John II | 527-565 | Justinian the Great: Byzantine emperor | 527 | Letters of Fulgentius, early Christian church father | 529 | Justinian closes 1000yr Athen's School of Philosophy, declared Paganistic | 529-534 | "Corpus Juris Civilis", a compilation of Roman law by Tribonian | 530 | anti-Pope Dioscorus | 533 | N. Africa captured by Belisarius from Vandals, becomes Byzantine province | 534-870 | Malta becomes Byzantine province | 535-536-537 | Pope Agapitus I - Pope Silverius | 535 | Synod of Clermont excludes Jews from public office | 537-555 | Pope Vigilius: involved in death of Pope Silverius, conspired with Justinian and |
Theodora, excommunicated by N. African bishops in 550 ... (Ref: Oxford Dictionary of Popes,
1986, ISBN:0-19-213964-9) 538 | 3d Synod of Orleans requires Jews to remain indoors during "Passion Week" | 539-562 | war between Byzantine Empire and Persia | 541-546 | Codex Fuldensis vg(F): Latin Vulgate, 27NT + Epistle to Laodiceans | 542 | plague in Constantinople from Egyptian and Syrian rats, spreads to Europe | 543 | Justinian condemns Origen (254), disastrous earthquakes hit the world | 544 | Justinian condemns the "3 Chapters" of Theodore of Mopsuestia (d.428) and other |
writings of "2-natures" Christology of Council of Chalcedon (451) 547 | Pope Vigilius issues "Iudicatum" supporting Justinian's anti- "2-natures" | 547 | plague, medically described by Gildas, reaches Britain | 548 | Letters of Apringius Pacensis, early Christian church father | 550-1453 | Medieval Greek of Constantinople (Byzantium) becomes standard Greek | 550 | Byzantine Greek Text, standard Eastern Bible, much smoothing & conflation | 550 | St. David converts Wales to Christianity, crucifix becomes Christian icon | 550? | Codex Claromontanus (Dp): Greek/Latin Pauline Epistles + Canon of ~250ce lists |
27NT+Barnabas+Hermas+Acts_of_Paul+Apocalypse_of_Peter; "Western" type 550? | Codex Mediolanensis vg(M): Latin Vulgate Gospels | 550? | Codex Veronensis: Greek & Old Latin Psalms | 552 | Emperor Shotoko Taishi introduces Buddhism into Japan | 552 | Justinian sends Christian missionaries to China & Ceylon to get silkworm | 553 | silk industry monopoly established in Byzantine empire | 555 | 2nd Council of Constantinople: 5th ecumenical, called by Justinian | 556-561 | Pope Pelagius I: selected by Justianian, endorsed "Iudicatum" (547) | 561-574 | Pope John III: authorized by Justianian | 565-578 | Justin II: Byzantine emperor | 567 | Letters of Primasius, Cassiodorus; early Christian church fathers | 572-628 | war between Byzantine Empire and Persia | 575-579 | Pope Benedict I: authorized by Justin II | 578-582 | Tiberius II: Byzantine emperor | 579-590 | Pope Pelagius II: died of plague | 581-618 | Sui dynasty of China | 582-602 | Maurice: Byzantine emperor | 587 | Visigoths of Spain converted to Christianity | 589 | Lombards of Italy converted to Christianity | 590 | plague in Rome | 590-604 | Pope Gregory I | 594 | end of plague which began in 542 and halved the population of Europe! | 595 | 1st authenticated record of decimal number system (0-9) appears in India | 596 | St. Augustine of Canterbury sent to convert Britain to Christianity | 600 | Babylonian Talmud (Mishnah(Oral Law) + Gemara(Mishnah commentary)); Ashi | 600 | Antara ibn Shaddad, one of seven great Islamic poets | 600 | Pope Gregory "strives" to convert the Jews to Christianity | 600 | book printing in China | 600? | Codex Harleianus vg(Z): Latin Vulgate Gospels | 600? | Codex Philoxenian/Harclean Syr(ph/h): Syriac 27NT, "Western" text-type | 602-610 | Phocas: kills Maurice, becomes Byzantine emperor | 604-606-607-615 | Popes Sabinian, Boniface III, Boniface IV; author. by Phocas | 606 | standard examinations for public office in China | 609 | Roman Pantheon (a Pagan Temple) renamed Church of Santa Maria Rotonda | 610-641 | Heraclius: kills Phocas, becomes Byzantine emperor | 610 | Muhammad's vision on Mount Hira | 614 | Persians take Damascus and Jerusalem and "Holy Cross of Christ" | 615 | earliest records of some of Muhammad's teachings | 615-618 | Pope Deusdedit | 616 | Persians take Egypt | 618-907 | T'ang dynasty of China | 619-625 | Pope Boniface V: authorized by Heraclius | 619 | "Suan-Ching", ten classics, textbooks used for Chinese exams (606) | 622 | first year in Muslim calendar, The Hegira, 1a.h., (a.h. = anno hegirae) | 622-680 | Monothelite controversy: condemned at 6th Ecum. Council of Const. | 624 | Muhammad marries Aisha, daughter of Abu Bekr | 625-638 | Pope Honorius I | 625 | Paulinus of Rome comes to convert Northumbria to Christianity | 625 | Muhammad begins dictation of Qur'an (Koran) to his scribe | 625 | Brahmagupta, mathematician of India, teaches at Ujjain | 626 | King Edwin of Northumbria founds Edinburgh and begins Christianization | 627 | Byzantines defeat Persians at Nineveh, discover Indian sugar cane | 628 | Emperor Heraclius wins back "Cross of Christ" from Persians (614) | 628 | Muhammad captures Mecca & writes to rulers of the world explaining Islam | 629 | Heraclius recovers Jerusalem from Persians | 629 | Pope Honorius I sides with Emperor Heraclius and Monothelites (622) | 632 | East Anglia Christianized | 632 | Muhammad, b. 570?, Arab prophet and founder of Islam | 632 | Abu Bekr, first Islamic Caliph, seat at Medina | 634 | Omar I, 2d Caliph, takes Syria/Persia/Egypt;defeats Heraclius in Holy War | 635 | Christianization of Wessex | 635-750 | Damascus becomes capital of Islamic Caliphs | 636 | Southern Irish Church submits to Roman Catholicism | 637 | Jerusalem captured by Islam | 638 | Emp. Heraclius' "Ecthesis", decrees Christ of one nature: "Monothelites" | 640 | Pope Severinus | 640 | Library of Alexandria, "The Center of Western Culture," with 300,000 ancient papyrus |
scrolls, is completely destroyed. |